Diabetes Mellitus, Burden And Trends - 1250 Words

Diabetes Mellitus, burden and trends in diabetes-related Complications Diabetes is a serious chronic disease, which occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn t make enough insulin (T2DM, usually in adults) or the body can’t effectively use the insulin (T1DM) (WHO definition: http://www.who.int/diabetes/en/). WHO diagnostic criteria for DM is the FPG 7.0mmol/l. This diagnostic point affect the risk of micro-vascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, renal failure and peripheral vascular events, amputation, while macro-vascular events such as MI, stroke and heart failure increased before the diagnostic point(10). Although there is no sufficient information of burden and prevalence, incidence of complications†¦show more content†¦The risks of T2DM are associated with older age, overweight and obesity as well as unhealthy lifestyle. Intensive glucose control VS Conventional control Basically, intensive glucose control and conventional control are two commonly used therapies to control glycaemic. Intensive glucose control is a policy aiming for a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration near normal (i.e 15 mmol/l without symptoms of hyperglycaemia, and primarily by diet or healthier lifestyle(8). The mainstream medications used in intensive glucose control are insulin, metformin and sulphonylurea. According to WHO 2016 global report on diabetes, metformin has the highest availability (82% of 145 countries), compared to 72% of 128 countries for insulin and 69% of 123 countries for sulphonylurea in primary health-care facilities. The rationale behind the use of glucose control for T2DM is the effects of high blood glucose. High blood glucose is a statistical concept and defined as a distribution of FPG in a population that is higher than the theoretical distribution(15). High blood glucose resulted in 1.5 million diabetes deaths and 2.2 million deaths from eye cardiovascular events and renal disease etc (10).Therefore, the benefits of lowering blood glucose are not only reduced mortality caused by diabetes but the decreased probability of